The size, origins, and character of Mongolia ' s informal sector during the transition

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The size, origins, and character of Mongolia's informal sector during the transition, Volume 1

Author:	Anderson, James H.;	Collection Title:	Policy, Research working paper ; no. WPS 1916
Country:	Mongolia;	Date Stored:	1998/05/01
Document Date:	1998/05/31	Document Type:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English	Major Sector:	(Historic)Multisector
Region:	East Asia and Pacific	Report Number:	WPS1916
Sub Sectors:	Non-Sector Specific	SubTopics:	Environmental Economics & Policies; Economic Theory & Research; Poverty Assessment; National Governance; Health Monitoring & Evaluation; Labor Policies; Health Economics & Finance; Public Health Promotion
Volume No:	1

Summary: The explosion of informal entrepreneurial activity during Mongolia's transition to a market economy represents one of the most visible signs of change in this expansive but sparsely populated Asian country. To deepen our understanding of Mongolia's informal sector during the transition, the author merges anecdotal experience from qualitative interviews with hard data from a survey of 770 informals in Ulaanbaatar, from a national household survey, and from official employment statistics. Using varied sources, the author generates rudimentary estimates of the magnitude of, and trends in, informal activity in Mongolia, estimates that are surprisingly consistent with each other. He evaluates four types of reasons for the burst of informal activity in Mongolia since 1990: 1) The crisis of the early and mid-1990s, during which large pools of labor were released from formal employment. 2) Rural to urban migration. 3) The "market's" reallocation of resources toward areas neglected under the old system: services such as distribution and transportation. 4) The institutional environments faced by the formal and informal sectors: hindering growth of the formal sector, facilitating entry for the informal sector. Formal labor markets haven't absorbed the labor made available by the crisis and by migration and haven't fully responded to the demand for new services. The relative ease of entering the informal market explains that market's great expansion. The relative difficulty of entering formal markets is not random but is driven by policy. Improving policies in the formal sector could afford the same ease of entry there as is currently being experienced in the informal sector.


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