Uncertainty and the price for crude oil reserves

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Uncertainty and the price for crude oil reserves, Volume 1

Author:	Considine, Timothy J.; Larson, Donald F.;	Collection Title:	Policy, Research working paper ; no. WPS 1655
Date Stored:	1996/09/01	Document Date:	1996/09/30
Document Type:	Policy Research Working Paper	Language:	English
Major Sector:	(Historic)Oil & Gas	Report Number:	WPS1655
Sub Sectors:	Oil & Gas Exploration & Development	SubTopics:	Environmental Economics & Policies; Oil Refining & Gas Industry; Economic Theory & Research; Markets and Market Access; Payment Systems & Infrastructure; Labor Policies; Access to Markets
Volume No:	1

Summary: Innovations in futures, options, and derivative instruments permit active trading, speculating and hedging - linking markets for physical petroleum products with financial markets. These derivative markets continuously value petroleum delivered today and for future dates, providing a market price for inventories. Underground petroleum reserves are also an inventory defined by exploration surveys and development drilling. Thus, observable market information can be used to value these reserves. Option - valuation models can be used to price reserves using observable markets, but are dependent on unexplained convenience yields revealed by the term structure of futures prices. The authors apply a general inventory pricing model to petroleum inventories and generate an empirical model of the returns to storage for petroleum markets. They examine the determinants of the crude oil convenience yield using a stochastic control model. They specify optimal production and inventory conditions using a third-order cost function and estimate them using monthly observations. Their inventory arbitrage condition embodies the Hotelling principle and Kaldor's convenience yield, and includes a premium on the dispersion in crude oil prices. The empirical results suggest that returns to storage contain both a cost-reducing component and often sizable premiums associated with the dispersion of petroleum prices. Their findings suggest that crude oil markets differentiated by quality and location provide similar premiums. The premiums associated with the dispersion of petroleum prices may account for persistent backwardation in crude oil prices. This finding may also explain the wide discrepancies between Hotelling values and transaction prices found in previous studies.


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	PDF 28 pages	WPS1655	1.36

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