ANA MARGARIDA FERNANDES is an Economist in the Development Research Group (Trade team). She joined the World Bank as a Young Economist in 2002. Her current research focuses on the consequences of openness to trade and FDI for firm-level outcomes such as productivity, skilled labor demand, and technological innovation. She has studied more broadly the determinants of firm-level performance, including the role of the business environment, in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Thailand, countries in Central America, and transition economies. Recently she has examined the consequences of liberalization of the services sector (e.g., through FDI) for the performance of services firms and for the performance of manufacturing services users. S he is currently studying issues relating to professional services in Mozambique and other African countries. She received her M.A., M. Phil., and Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University and a B.A. from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
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