An electronic discussion of the draft report was held from April 14, 2003 to May 30, 2003. The discussion, hosted by the World Bank and moderated by Public World, elicited a wide range of comments from stakeholders in government, business and civil society. Read an overview of the discussion topics or access comments directly below. Is the draft report imbued with the values, informed by the principles and aiming for the goals that are required to make services work for poor people? Submit your comments on this topic Comments from other visitorsPage 1/7 Applicability
It’s noticeable that most of the proposed solutions in the WDR are drawn from OCED and middle-income countries, and not from the low-income countries where the WDR’s depiction of failing public services and a predatory state comes closest to reality.
This raises a fundamental question, not addressed in the report - about the applicability of administratively and technically complex private sector solutions, of the sort promoted by the WDR, to very poor countries with dispersed rural populations, thin markets, and weak institutions.
There is reason for being sceptical. Most of the solutions being espoused – community level management of service personnel, sub-contracting to the NGO sector, religious institutions and corporations, voucher schemes, cost-recovery combined with targeted subsidies – are politically contentious not only because they challenge vested interests.
They are contentious also because a conclusive case has not been made for their cost-effectiveness, and because they raise serious concerns about governance and equity. Indeed, there is significant evidence that these solutions often deliver a lower quality outcome, at an equal or higher cost, even in rich countries where there’s significant institutional capacity, and accountability routes work reasonably well.
At no point does the WDR attempt a serious comparison of cost-effectiveness between public provision, and sub-contracted provision, which factors in not only the costs of reform, but also the marginal cost of reaching under-served poor people under both approaches, and the cost of maintaining effective regulatory frameworks.
In the intriguing quote from Confucius, the WDR itself comes close to acknowledging that a leap of faith is required to pursue these reforms. The current draft begs the question of why are risky, radical and untested measures, which have worked imperfectly or not at all in rich countries, being promoted for poor countries, instead of more incremental and better understood solutions?
Submitted by: Patrick Watt -- June 10,2003 Country of Residence: United Kingdom Country of Origin/Citizenship: United Kingdom Institutional Affiliation: ActionAid Occupation: Policy adviser Language: This is a translation of comments posted by Nina Ibragimova, a Russian student at Malardalen University, Sweden. "I would like to join the Russian discussion about privatization. I would like to point out in the beginning that privatization is a necessary stage in transition towards a market economy. We know from history that each transition is a hard time for people. At every stage of the crisis, there is a stratum of society that is more vulnerable to the harsh effects of transition than others. As a rule, in Russia these people are pensioners and invalids.
In Russia, criminals find out about lonely people, who have privatized their apartments, and try to take away their apartment by any means. In the best case, the poor person ends up in the street. In the worst case, the person is murdered.
Therefore it is important that the state pays more attention to those people and protects them in stormy times. One of possible ways out would be to create a special service for the vulnerable group, so that these people would contact the service in case they feel unsafe, because somebody is interested in their real estate.
I believe Swedish experience in this sphere is interesting. Sweden is a country, famous for its care of those who are vulnerable.
In Sweden, a special position exists for those who take care of the elderly and the disabled. A person is called "gode man", which is the equivalent of the English "good man". "Gode man" takes care of an old or disabled person, and takes care of his or her financial matters. This position requires a great deal of responsibility and accountability, and a "gode man" has to report to social services about his work. I admit that there is a possibility that this variant is not perfect for Russian realities. But the most important thing is not to forget about the vulnerable stratum of society and to keep trying to solve their problems.
It is natural that changes and reforms are often accompanied by mistakes and failures. A lot of poor people believe privatization is personal enrichment. However, they forget that ownership, besides benefits, requires a lot of responsibility." Submitted by: Oksana Buranbaeva -- June 07,2003 Country of Residence: United States Country of Origin/Citizenship: Russia Institutional Affiliation: Public World Occupation: Moderator Language: Besides incentives for improved service, it is important for providers to be socio-culturally sensitive and regularly trained to identify client needs. Services operate in a social context where they must not only be affordable and accessible but also acceptable.
Different regions and cultures have own established forms of water services management – most prominent among which are Islamic and community based methods.
Providers, again mainly private ones which enter newly into markets are not adequately equipped, nor feel he need to be in light of only maximization of profits, to understand local cultural nuances.
More importantly, management ultimately implies that the client has control over what services and how they must be provided to him/her. This may include service delivery to clients by client networks themselves, excluding the role of ‘providers’. Recovery, use and management costs of services are then decided by clients, and not by private providers. That can ensure greater affordability, accessibility and acceptability of the service.
Submitted by: Stephen Gasteyer and Rahul Vaswani -- June 05,2003 Country of Residence: United States Country of Origin/Citizenship: India Institutional Affiliation: RCAP Occupation: Rural Development Analysts Language: Creo que es un excelente avance en el anᬩsis y la discusiSin embargo, creo que es importante ser m᳠realistas en cuanto a la provisie servicios hacia los m᳠pobres y los m᳠alejados. Si bien es important?imo que se generen formas de participacie los empobrecidos en la construccie sus demandas, es necesario que primero se les de educacieal. Este punto es un lugar com?ero sigue siendo bᳩco. Si no hay educacino hay participacieal ni cr?ica. Si no hay educacino hay m᳠que sometimiento y cooptaciLos empobrecidos por el sistema necesitan de mecanismos reales de empoderamiento.
El tejido social es muy complejo, se intercala con el polco, cultural y econo y no es fᣩl construir un anᬳis sin una visiesde las bases.
El informe debe acercarse m᳠a la relidad, pero no en cifras, sino en testimonios. Debe contemplar anᬩsis integrales, sociolos, antropolos que den realmente contenido a las propuestas de herramientas econas que ayuden a eficientizar la provisie servicios. Submitted by: Susana Cruickshank -- June 04,2003 Country of Residence: Mexico Country of Origin/Citizenship: Mexico Institutional Affiliation: Responsable de la l?a de banca multilateral de inversiones Occupation: Socia Language: Хочу присоединиться к русской дискуссии на тему приватизации. Сразу скажу, что я считаю, что приватизация - это необходимая ступень на пути к развитию рыночной экономики. Из истории мы знаем, что каждый переходный период - это испытание для народа. И в каждый период кризиса есть слой населения, который более чем другие подвержены его губительному влиянию. Это, как правило, пенсионеры и инвалиды.
В России мошенники узнают об одиноких людях, которые приватизировали квартиру, и пытаются любыми способами добиться владения этой собственностью. В лучшем случае этот бедный человек оказывается выброшенным на улицу, а в худшем случае дело может дойти и до убийства.
Поэтому важно, чтобы государство уделило этим людям больше внимания и защитило их в период шторма. Один из вариантов - создать специальную службу для этих людей, куда они могут обратиться в том случае, если они подозревают, что кто-то интересуется их собственностью.
Интересным с этой точки зрения кажется опыт Швеции в этой области, - страны, известной своим бережным отношением к слабым мира сего. В Швеции есть специальная должность, называется по-шведски "годе ман", или по-русски "хороший человек". Это человек, который, помимо своей работы, является опекуном инвалида или старика и ведет его финансовые дела. На опекуне лежит большая ответственность, и он должен отчитываться перед социальной службой за проведенную работу. Конечно, может этот вариант не совсем подходит к нашим условиям реальности. Но, главное, не забывать об этих людях и искать пути решения проблемы.
Сейчас многие критикуют современный строй в России. Многие представители бедных, наиболее ранимых слоев населения полагают, что рыночная экономика, приватизация и свободные цены были придуманы правительством только для того, чтобы обмануть обычных людей и дать больше свободы богачам и олигархам. Я часто слышу возмущенные голоса мужчин, распивающих водку во дворе: “Еще не известно, для кого больше пользы несет эта самая приватизация. И нужна ли она, если из 5 человек только один может получить от этого прибыль? Вот бы коммунизм обратно! Вот бы Сталина! он бы навел порядок!” Это - люди, которые просто встали в позицию критиков, а это легче всего. Естественно когда мы проводим какие-то реформы, когда мы вносим изменения в нашу жизнь, здесь не обходится без ошибок и поражений. Многие бедные считают, что приватизация – это всего лишь личное обогащение. Но они забывают, что владение собственностью, кроме всяких благ, несет за собой и большую ответственность. Submitted by: Нина Ибрагимова -- June 03,2003 Country of Residence: Sweden Country of Origin/Citizenship: Russia Institutional Affiliation: Университет Малардален, Вестерос Occupation: Магистрант Language: Page 1/7 |