Research Programs and Policy Notes

• Policy Responses to the Crisis 
• Adjustment to Trade 
• Aid for Trade 
• Antidumping 
• Business Responses to the Crisis 
• Climate Change 
• Dispute Settlement 
• Doha Round 
• Food and Commodity Prices
• Global Governance 
• Global Imbalances 
• Least-Developed Countries 
• Preferences, Special and Differential Treatment 
• Regional Trade Agreements 
• Rules, Including Competition and Government Procurement 
• Services Trade 
• Trade and Development
• Trade and Employment
• More Topics… 

Policy Responses to the Crisis

• September 2009:  Crisis and Protection in the Automotive Industry: A Global Value Chain Perspective by Timothy Sturgeon and Johannes van Biesebroek, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5060
  
  
• September 2009: Exchange Rates During the Crisis by Sebastian Weber and Charles Wyplosz, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5059
  
  
• September 2009: The Rise of Foreign Direct Investment Protectionism by Karl Sauvant, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5052
  
  
• September 2009: The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic Crisis by Chad P. Bown, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5051.
  
  
• September 2009: Smoke in the Water by Foletti, Liliana, Marco Fugazza, Alessandro Nicita, and Marcelo Olarreaga, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5050. 
  
  
• July 2009: Protectionism Continues Its Climb: Spike in “Safeguard” Use is Major Contributor to 12.1% Global Increase in Industry Demands for New Import Restrictions during Second Quarter of 2009 by Chad P. Bown, A Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database.
  
  
• July 2009: The Devil is in the Details: The Implementation of Stimulus Packages and their Effects on International Commerce  by  Simon J. Evenett
  
  
• July 2009: Trade-Related Policy Responses to the Crisis: A Stock Taking by Simon Evenett, Bernard Hoekman, and Olivier Cattaneo, PREM Notes - Trade Policy, #139.
  
  
• July 2009: Policy Responses to the Crisis: Implications for the WTO and International Cooperation, by Simon Evenett and Bernard Hoekman, VvoxEu.org.
  
  
• July 2009: First Report on State Measures that May Affect Trading Partners’ Commercial Interests, Globaltradealert.org.
  
  
• June 2009: Review and Analysis of Protectionist Actions in the Textile and Apparel Industries by Stacey Frederick and Gary Gereffi
  
  
• June 2009: Is the Crisis Provoking Protection in Services? by Ingo Borchert and Aaditya Mattoo
  
  
• June 2009: Protectionism and the Crisis: The Need for Increased Vigilance by Simon J. Evenett, Bernard M. Hoekman, and Olivier Cattaneo
  
  
• June 2009: Smoke in the Water by Liliana Foletti, Marco Fugazza, Alessandro Nicita and Marcelo Olarreaga
  
  
• June 2009: The Global Resort to Antidumping, Safeguards, and other Trade Remedies Amidst the Economic Crisis by Chad P. Bown
  
  
• June 2009: Trade Finance in Crisis: Market Adjustment or Market Failure? by Jean-Pierre Chauffour and Thomas Farole
  
  
• June 2009: Responses to the Economic and Financial Crisis: Whither Competition? by Frédéric Jenny
  
  
• June 2009: The Financial Crisis and Financial Nationalism by Stijn Claessens
  
  
• May 2009: Protectionism Increases and Spreads: Global Use of Trade Remedies Rises by 18.8% in First Quarter 2009 by Chad P. BownA Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database.
  
  
• May 2009: Avoiding 1930s-Style Protectionism: Lessons for Today by Douglas A. Irwin
  
  
• May 2009: A “Significant Slippage” in Protectionism? Not Yet by Patrick Messerlin
  
  
• March 2009: Protectionism Is on the Rise: Antidumping Investigations by Chad P. Bown
  in Richard Baldwin and Simon Evenett (eds.), The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20, VoxEU.org.
  
  
• March 2009: Protectionism Is on the Rise as Antidumping Import Restriction Use up 31% in 2008,by Chad P. Bown, A Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database.
  
  
• Non-Tariff Measures: Business Views of Recent Trends by Mondher Mimouni; Carolin Averbeck, Olga Skorobogatova and Elisa Gamberoni
  
  
• The Global Financial Crisis and International Economic Law by Anne Van Aaken and Jürgen Kurtz
  
  
• Exchange Rates During the Crisis by Sebastian Weber and Charles Wyplosz
  
  
• Restrictions on Mode 4 Access: Recent Evidence by Biswajit Dhar and Girish Srivastava
  
  
• The Rise of Foreign Direct Investment Protectionism by Karl P. Sauvant
  
  
• Green Growth and the Crisis by Ronald Steenblik
  
  
• Agriculture: The Dog that Did not Bark? by Tim Josling and Stefan Tangermann

Adjustment to Trade

• June 2010: Trade Adjustment Costs in Developing Countries, Bernard Hoekman and Guido Porto
   
  
• Adjustment Costs and Adjustment Impacts of Trade Policy.  The overall aim of this project is to document the costs of adjustment to trade policy and to understand how this adjustment takes place in developing countries.
  
  
  
  •  Adjustment Costs
    • Labor I: Davidson and Matusz 
    • Labor II: Artuc and McLaren 
    • Labor & Capital: Casacuberta and Gandelman 
    • Supply Responses in Agriculture: de Melo 
    • Sunk Costs in Agriculture: Cadot, Dutoit and Olarreaga
      
      
  • Adjustment Impacts
    1. Labor Reallocation: Muendler 
    2. Adjustments in the Manufacturing Sector: Hanson 
    3. OffShoring: McMillan 
    4. Labor Income Risk: Pravin Krishan 
    5. Child Labor and Schooling: Edmonds 
    6. Migration: Hanson 
    7. Preference Erosion (MFA): Harrigan 
    8. FDI: Javorcik 
    9. Governance: Nelson 
    10. Adjustment to Foreign Trade Policy: Bown
        
        
  • Factors that Affect Adjustment
    • Transport Costs: Hummels 
    • The Duration of Trade and Supplier Search: Besedes and Prusa 
    • Export Costs: Tybout 
    • Penetration Costs: Arkolakis and Timoshenko 
    • Distortions: Kala Krishna 
    • Credit: Manova 
    • Standards: Swinnen 
      
      
  • Adjustment Programs
    • Trade Adjustment Assistance: Richardson 
    •  Agriculture Compensation in the EU: Swinnen 
      
      
• March 2005: Facilitating Adjustment to Trade in the WTO System, Chad P. Bown, Rachel McCulloch

Aid For Trade

• July 2010: Aid for Trade: An Action Agenda Looking Forward by Bernard Hoekman and John S. Wilson, PREM Economic Premise, Number 25
  
  
• December 2009: Responding to the Challenges of Aid for Trade (I): Enhancing the Role and Contribution of the Private Sector by Olivier Cattaneo and Leen Solleveld
  
  
• December 2009: Responding to the Challenges of Aid for Trade (II): Aid for Trade Evaluation and Impact Assessment by Leen Solleveld

Antidumping

• October 2009: The Pattern of Antidumping and Other Types of Contingent Protection, PREM Note
  
• May 2009: Protectionism Increases and Spreads: Global Use of Trade Remedies Rises by 18.8% in First Quarter 2009, A Monitoring Update to the Global Antidumping Database by
  Chad P. Bown
  
  
• July 2009: Global Antidumping Database Version 5.0 - Protectionism is on the rise, and so is antidumping. With a view to increase transparency in the use of trade remedies, Brandeis University and the World Bank/GTFA have developed a global antidumping database.   Chad P. Bown, Brandeis University; The World Bank.
  • Dedicated web-portal.
  • Database featured in major economic newspapers, magazines (e.g. Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, BusinessWeek, Economist), and television broadcasts (Bloomberg).
  • Database used and referred to in major academic work (e.g. articles in Review of International Economics, World Economy, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Review of World Economics).
  • Database featured in flagship reports of international organizations (e.g. WTO, World Trade Report 2009).
  • Database presented in a number of conferences and public events.

Business Responses to the Crisis

• June 2010:  Effects of the Crisis on the Automotive Industry in Developing Countries: A Global Value Chain Perspective, Timothy J. Sturgeon, Johannes Van Biesebroeck, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5330 
  

• May 2010: Trade Crisis and Recovery: Restructuring of Global Value Chains by William Milberg, Deborah Winkler
  

• April 2010: The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries by Gary Gereffi and Stacey Frederick 
  

• April 2010: The Offshore Services Value Chain: Developing Countries and the Crisis by Gary Gereffi and Karina Fernandez-Stark
  

• February 2010: What Happens When the Market Shifts to China? the Gabon Timber and Thai Cassava Value Chains by Raphael Kaplinsky, Anne Terheggen, Julia Tijaja  
   
  
• February 2010: What are the Implications for Global Value Chains when the Market Shifts from the North to the South? by Raphael Kaplinsky, Masuma Farooki   
  

Climate Change

• July 2010: Climate Change and Trade Policy: From Mutual Destruction to Mutual Support by Patrick A. Messerlin, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5378
  
  
• July 2010: Implementing Carbon Tariffs: a Fool's Errand? by Michael O. Moore, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5359 
   
  
• April 2010: Climate Change and Trade Policy: From Mutual Destruction to Mutual Support (Policy Brief) by Patrick A. Messerlin
  
  
• November 2009: Levelling or Mining the Playing Field? A Note on the Implementation Problems of Carbon-Motivated Border Adjustment Taxes by Michael Friis Jensen

Dispute Settlement

• June 2010: The WTO Dispute Settlement System Would Survive Without Doha by Chad P. Bown
   
  
• July 2005: Tariff Retaliation versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements by Nuno Limão, Kamal Saggi
  
  
• June 2005: The Case for Tradable Remedies in WTO Dispute Settlement by Kyle Bagwell, Petros C. Mavroidis and Robert W. Staiger
  
  
• May 2005: WTO Dispute Settlement and the Missing Developing Country Cases: Engaging the Private Sector by Chad P. Bown, Bernard Hoekman
  

• 2005: Financial Compensation in the WTO: Improving the Remedies of WTO Dispute Settlement by Marco Bronckers, Naboth van den Broek

Doha Round

• June 2010: The Doha Round Impasse and the Trading System by Bernard Hoekman 
  
  
• June 2010: Needed: A New Approach to Reduce Regulatory Barriers to Trade by Geza Feketekuty 
  
  
• June 2010: Alternatives to Consensus at the WTO by Philip Levy 
  
  
• June 2010: Doha and Development: Market Access, Trade Costs and Aid for Trade by Bernard Hoekman 
  
  
• November 2009:  Briefing Paper: Doha and the Global Crisis
  
  
• November 2009:  Conclude Doha: It Matters! by Bernard Hoekman, Will Martin, Aaditya Mattoo, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5135. 
  
  
• October 2009: Services in Doha: What’s on the Table? by Batshur Gootiiz and Aaditya Mattoo, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4903. Published in Journal of World Trade, vol. 43, No. 5.
  
  
• July 2009: Policy Brief: Leading with Services: The Dymanics of Transatlantic Negotiations in Services by Patrick Messerlin and Erik van der Marel
  
  
• April 2009: Assessing the Doha Round: Market Access, Transactions Costs and Aid for Trade Facilitation by Bernard Hoekman and Alessandro Nicita
  

Food and Commodity Prices

• September 2008: Responses by the International Trade and Aid Community to Food Security by Susan Prowse (Presented World Trade Forum: September 2008: forthcoming ed. “End of Cheap Food and the WTO”, Cambridge University Press, 2009)
  

Global Governance

• December 2010: Proposals for WTO Reform: A Synthesis and Assessment by Bernard Hoekman, World Bank and CEPR
  
  
• December 2010: Changing Developing Country Trade Policies and WTO Engagement by
  Bernard Hoekman, World Bank and CEPR
  
  
• June 2010: Challenges in the Coming Phase of Globalisation: A sense of Déjà Vu by
  Otaviano Canuto and  José Manuel Salazar
   
  
• December, 2009: Policy Brief: The World Trade Regime, the WTO and Large Scale Crises: Perspectives after the Pittsburg G20 Summit by Patrick A. Messerlin
  
  
• November 2009: Everything You Always Wanted to Know About WTO Accession (but were afraid to ask) by Olivier Cattaneo and Carlos A. Primo Braga, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5116.
  
  
• June 2009: Globalization and Corporate Governance by Douglas Nelson
  
  
• Can the WTO’s System of Governance Rise to the Challenge of Sustainable Development? by Simon J. Evenett
  

Global Imbalances

• June 2010: Rebalancing the Global Economy: A Primer for Policymakers by Stijn Claessens,  Simon J Evenett,  Bernard Hoekman 

Preferences, Special and Differential Treatment

• Trade Preferences and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries: Introduction by Bernard Hoekman and Caglar Özden
  
  
• August 2005: Economic Policy Responses to Preference Erosion: From Trade as Aid to Aid for Trade by Bernard Hoekman and Susan Prowse
  
  
• July 2005: Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization by Joseph Francois, Bernard Hoekman, and Miriam Manchin
  
  
• June 2005: Preferential vs. Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence and Open Questions -
  Nuno Limão 
  
  
• 2005: Trade Preferences to Small Developing Countries and the Welfare Costs of Lost Multilateral Liberalization by Nuno Limão and Marcelo Olarreaga
  
  
• May 2005: Can Special Trade Measures Help Development when Trade Tools are Weak and the Conditions for Development are Uncertain? by Sheila Page
  
  
• May 2005: Preference Utilisation and Tariff Reduction in EU Imports from ACP Countries by Miriam Manchin and Tinbergen Institute
  
  
• October 2004: Operationalizing the Concept of Policy Space in the WTO: Beyond Special and Differential Treatment by Bernard Hoekman
  
  
• August 2004: AGOA and Apparel: Who Captures the Tariff Rent in the Presence of Preferential Market Access? by Marcelo Olarreaga and Caglar Özden
  
  
• February 2004: Price Effects of Preferential Market Access: The Caribbean Basin Initiative and the Apparel Sector by Caglar Özden, Gunjan Sharma

Least-Developed Countries

• Giving Voice to the 'Residual': Putting the Least-Developed Countries on the G20 Agenda by Debapriya Bhattacharya
  

Regional Trade Agreements

• August 2009: Changes in Cross-Border Trade Costs in the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, 2001-2008 by Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarrouk, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5031. 
  
  
• June 2009: Changes in Cross-Border Trade Costs in the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, 2001-2008 by Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarrouk
  
  
• May 2009: MNA Knowledge and Learning - Fast Brief - An Assessment of Changes in Cross-Border Trade: Costs in the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, 2001-2008 by Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarrouk
  
  
• May 2009: An Assessment of Changes in Cross-Border Trade: Costs in the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, 2001-2008”, MENA Knowledge and Learning Fast Brief No. 28 by Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarrouk
  
  
  
• July 2005: From Euro-Med Partnership to European Neighborhood: Deeper Integration à la Carte and Economic Development by Bernard Hoekman
  
  
  
• June 2005: Designing North South Trade Agreements to Promote Economic Development by Bernard Hoekman
  
  
  
• May 2005: EU-Developing Country FTA’s: Overview and Analysis by Joseph F. Francois, Matthew McQueen, and Ganeshan Wignaraja
  
  
  
• If I don’t do it, somebody else will (or won’t) - Testing Compliance of PTAs with the Multilateral Rules, by Petros Mavroidis

Rules, Including Competition and Government Procurement

• August 2005: International Cooperation and the Reform of Public Procurement Policies by Simon J. Evenett and Bernard Hoekman
  
  
• April 2005: International Cooperation on Domestic Policies: Lessons from the WTO Competition Policy Debate by  Bernard Hoekman and Kamal Saggi

Updated! Services Trade

• January 2, 2011: Trade in Services under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: An Alternative to Migration? by Bernard Hoekman and Çağlar Özden
  High unemployment among the young and low skilled is fuelling anti-immigration sentiments across the OECD.
  
  
• December 24, 2010: Services Trade Liberalisation and Regulatory Reform: Re-invigorating International Cooperation by Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo
  Trade in services is blighted by restrictive policy and is consequently one of the central issues in the Doha trade negotiations.
  
  
• November 2009: Trade in Health Services: What's in it for Developing Countries? by Olivier Cattaneo, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5115. 
  
  
• August 2005: Services Policy Reform and Commitments in Trade Agreements: An Analysis of Transition Economies by Felix Eschenbach
  
  

  • April 2005: Services Policy Reform and Economic Growth in Transition Economies, 1990-2004 by Felix Eschenbach, Bernard Hoekman

  

Trade and Development

• December 2010: Proposals for WTO Reform: A Synthesis and Assessment by Bernard Hoekman, World Bank and CEPR
  
  
• December 2010: Changing Developing Country Trade Policies and WTO Engagement by
  Bernard Hoekman, World Bank and CEPR
  
  
• June 2005: “Aid for Trade” - Increasing Support for Trade Adjustment and Integration - A Proposal by  Susan Prowse
  
  
• March 2005: Making the WTO More Supportive of Development: How to Help Developing Countries Integrate into the Global Trading System by Bernard Hoekman

  

Trade and Employment

• December 17, 2010: A Comparative Assessment of How Trade Liberalization and the Economic Crisis Have Impacted India and South Africa by C.P. Chandrasekhar
  Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Information Note 13
  
  
• December 17, 2010: A Comparative Assessment of How Trade Liberalization and the Economic Crisis Have Impacted Mexico and Chile by Alicia Puyana, Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Information Note 12
  
  
  
• December 17, 2010: The Role of International Trade, Technology and Structural Change in Shifting Labour Demands in South Africa by Haroon Bhorat, Carlene van der Westhuizen, Sumayya Goga, Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper 17
  
  
• December 17, 2010: Trade Integration and Labour Market Trends in India by C.P. Chandrasekhar, Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper 16
  
  
• December 17, 2010: The Impact of Trade Liberalization and the Global Economic Crisis on the Productive Sectors, Employment and Incomes in Mexico by Alicia Puyana, Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper 15 
  
  
• December 17, 2010: Globalization in Chile, by Viktor E. Tokman, Trade-Supported Strategies for Sustainable Development Series, Issue Paper 14
  

More Topics…

• June 2005: Market Structure in Services and Market Access in Goods by  Joseph Francois and Ian Wooton
  
  
• April 2005: Rags in the High Rent District: Rhetoric and Reality in the Elimination of Textile and Clothing Quotas by Joseph Francois and Julia Woerz
  
  
• January 2005: Sticking to the Rules: Quantifying the Market Access that is Potentially Protected by WTO -sanctioned Trade Retaliation by Simon J. Evenett
  
  
• October 2004: Do We Need an Undertaker for the Single Undertaking? Considering the Angles of Variable Geometry Philip I. Levy
  
  
• The Case for Industrial Policy: A Critical Survey by Howard Pack, Kamal Saggi
  
  
• “Socially Responsible” Trade Integration: A Political Economy Perspective by Thierry Verdier

Last updated on Jan 6, 2011